active-threat campus emergency notice — robbery

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. Messages open "MU Alert" and "MU Alert Update", and the all clear routes tips to the "Columbia Police Department at 311", naming both issuer and responder.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The "MU Alert" branding plus "Columbia Police Department" identify the sender and responders.
  2. present: The first message is branded "MU Alert" and later entries cite Columbia Police Department.
  3. present: The "MU Alert" signature appears and the Columbia Police Department is named.
  4. present: Entries are branded "MU Alert" and reference police response and the Columbia Police Department.
  5. present: The "MU Alert" signature and references to responding police and the Columbia Police Department identify the source.
  6. present: "MU Alert" signs the messages and police are named as responding.
  7. present: The alerts carry the "MU Alert" tag and reference police and the Columbia Police Department.
  8. present: The "MU Alert" signature and references to responding police identify the source.
  9. present: The "MU Alert" branded signature appears on each message, with police named as responding.
  10. present: The alerts are signed "MU Alert" and cite Columbia Police Department as responders.
  11. present: Messages are signed "MU Alert" and refer people to the Columbia Police Department.
  12. present: The "MU Alert" signature identifies the sender, and police are named as responding.
  13. present: "MU Alert" branding and references to police responding identify the sender.
  14. present: The "MU Alert" branding appears and Columbia Police Department is named.
  15. present: The "MU Alert" signature appears, and Columbia Police Department is named for tips.
  16. present: The messages open with "MU Alert" and refer to responding police.
  17. present: "MU Alert" branding plus Columbia Police Department references identify the sender.
  18. present: "MU Alert" signs the messages and police response is attributed to responding officers.
  19. present: The messages are branded "MU Alert" and refer to police responding.
  20. present: Messages are tagged "MU Alert" and name the Columbia Police Department.
  21. present: The "MU Alert" branded prefix and references to police and Columbia Police Department identify the source.
  22. present: "MU Alert" branding and references to police responding identify the issuing source.
  23. present: "MU Alert" heads the messages and Columbia Police Department is named.
  24. present: The branded "MU Alert" tag appears and police responders are named.
  25. present: The messages are branded "MU Alert" and say police are responding.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The 11:37 message reports a "Robbery just occurred" and the 11:56 update adds that "Both subjects are armed with handguns", a specific armed threat.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: A robbery is named and subjects are described as "armed with handguns".
  2. present: A "Robbery" is named and subjects are described as "armed with handguns".
  3. present: A robbery is named and subjects are described as "armed with handguns".
  4. present: A robbery is reported and the subjects are said to be "armed with handguns".
  5. present: A robbery is named, and subjects are described as "armed with handguns and are on foot".
  6. present: It reports a "Robbery" by subjects "armed with handguns".
  7. present: It names a "Robbery" and says "Both subjects are armed with handguns".
  8. present: A robbery by subjects "armed with handguns" is the stated threat.
  9. present: A robbery by subjects "armed with handguns" names both crime and weapon.
  10. present: It names a "Robbery" and says "Both subjects are armed with handguns".
  11. present: A robbery is reported and subjects are said to be "armed with handguns".
  12. present: It reports a robbery by subjects "armed with handguns".
  13. present: A robbery by subjects "armed with handguns" is the named threat.
  14. present: The hazard is a robbery by subjects who "are armed with handguns and are on foot".
  15. present: The hazard is a robbery by subjects who "are armed with handguns and are on foot".
  16. present: A robbery by subjects "armed with handguns" is specifically named.
  17. present: A robbery is named and suspects are described as "armed with handguns".
  18. present: A robbery is named, with subjects "armed with handguns" on foot.
  19. present: A robbery is named and the subjects are described as "armed with handguns".
  20. present: A robbery by subjects "armed with handguns" is the specific hazard.
  21. present: A robbery is named, with subjects later described as "armed with handguns and are on foot".
  22. present: A robbery is named and the subjects are described as "armed with handguns".
  23. present: It reports a "Robbery" with subjects "armed with handguns", a specific armed threat.
  24. present: A robbery by two subjects "armed with handguns" is specifically reported.
  25. present: A robbery by subjects "armed with handguns" is specifically named.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The robbery is placed "at Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and recipients are steered from "the area of Providence Road and Locust Street", with flight north toward Broadway.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Locations include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  2. present: It names "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  3. present: Places are specific: "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  4. present: Locations include Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and Providence Road and Locust Street.
  5. present: Locations given include Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and "the area of Providence Road and Locust Street".
  6. present: Named places include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  7. present: It cites Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and "the area of Providence Road and Locust Street".
  8. present: It names Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and the Providence Road and Locust Street area.
  9. present: Locations given include Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and Providence Road and Locust Street.
  10. present: Locations include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  11. present: The area of "Providence Road and Locust Street" and the Zephyr Express are named.
  12. present: Places named include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  13. present: "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and Providence Road and Locust Street locate it.
  14. present: Locations named include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  15. present: Locations include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  16. present: It places the threat "at Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and near Providence Road and Locust Street.
  17. present: Places given include Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and Providence Road and Locust Street.
  18. present: Locations include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and Providence Road and Locust Street.
  19. present: Locations include the Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and Providence Road and Locust Street.
  20. present: Locations given are the Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and Providence Road and Locust Street.
  21. present: Locations given include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  22. present: It names the Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  23. present: Locations include "Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express" and "Providence Road and Locust Street".
  24. present: Locations given include Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and Providence Road at Locust Street.
  25. present: Locations include Midwest Petroleum Zephyr Express and Providence Road and Locust Street.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. "Stay away from or leave the area" appears in the first message and is repeated for the named intersection, with a call to 311 in the all clear.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from or leave the area".
  2. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from or leave the area".
  3. present: Recipients are repeatedly told to "Stay away from the area" while police respond.
  4. present: Readers are told to "Stay away from the area of Providence Road and Locust Street".
  5. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from or leave the area" and later to stay away from a named intersection.
  6. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from or leave the area" and away from the named streets.
  7. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from or leave the area" and to call CPD at 311 with information.
  8. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from or leave the area" in several updates.
  9. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from the area" and to call police with information.
  10. present: It tells people to "Stay away from or leave the area" and later to avoid a named intersection.
  11. present: It repeatedly tells recipients to "Stay away from the area".
  12. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from or leave the area" and later to call police with information.
  13. present: "Stay away from or leave the area" is repeated protective guidance.
  14. present: It repeatedly instructs people to "Stay away from or leave the area".
  15. present: It repeatedly tells people to "Stay away from the area" and to leave it.
  16. present: It directs recipients to "Stay away from the area of Providence Road and Locust Street".
  17. present: It instructs readers to "Stay away from or leave the area" and later to stay away from a named intersection.
  18. present: Recipients are told repeatedly to "Stay away from the area" and to call police with information.
  19. present: Recipients are repeatedly told to "Stay away from or leave the area".
  20. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from the area of Providence Road and Locust Street".
  21. present: Repeated instructions tell recipients to "Stay away from or leave the area".
  22. present: It repeatedly directs recipients to "Stay away from or leave the area".
  23. present: Recipients are told to "Stay away from the area" and to call police with information.
  24. present: It repeatedly tells recipients to "Stay away from or leave the area".
  25. present: "Stay away from or leave the area" is repeated as the protective action.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. Entries are stamped 11:37, 11:50 and 11:56 p.m. on Nov. 1 and 12:11 a.m. on Nov. 2, 2020, and the robbery "just occurred" before the first.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Timestamps span "11:37 p.m." on Nov. 1 to "12:11 a.m." on Nov. 2.
  2. present: Stamps run "11:37 p.m." Nov. 1 to "12:11 a.m." Nov. 2.
  3. present: Entries carry times of 11:37 p.m., 11:50 p.m., 11:56 p.m. and 12:11 a.m.
  4. present: Timestamps run 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, 2020.
  5. present: Entries at 11:37, 11:50 and 11:56 p.m. Nov. 1 and 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, with "just occurred".
  6. present: Times run from 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2.
  7. present: Stamps of 11:37, 11:50, 11:56 p.m. and 12:11 a.m. plus "just occurred" give timing.
  8. present: Entries run from "11:37 p.m." Nov. 1 to "12:11 a.m." Nov. 2.
  9. present: "just occurred" plus stamps from 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2 fix the timing.
  10. present: Times of 11:37 p.m. through 12:11 a.m. on Nov. 1 and 2, 2020 are given.
  11. present: Stamps of 11:37, 11:50, 11:56 p.m. and 12:11 a.m. plus "just occurred" mark the timing.
  12. present: "just occurred" and stamps from 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, 2020 give timing.
  13. present: Stamps of 11:37, 11:50, 11:56 p.m. and 12:11 a.m. fix the sequence.
  14. present: Entries carry times of "11:37 p.m.", "11:50 p.m." and "12:11 a.m." across Nov. 1 and 2, 2020.
  15. present: Timestamps from "11:37 p.m." on Nov. 1 to "12:11 a.m." on Nov. 2 mark the sequence.
  16. present: Timestamps from 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, 2020 are given.
  17. present: Times run from "11:37 p.m." Nov. 1 to "12:11 a.m." Nov. 2, 2020.
  18. present: Times from 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, 2020 are given, plus "just occurred".
  19. present: Entries are timed "11:37 p.m." on Nov. 1 through "12:11 a.m." on Nov. 2.
  20. present: Timestamps run "11:37 p.m." Nov. 1 through the "12:11 a.m." all clear.
  21. present: Times run from 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, 2020.
  22. present: Updates are stamped 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 through 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, 2020.
  23. present: Times run 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2, 2020.
  24. present: Messages are timestamped 11:37 p.m. through 12:11 a.m. and say the robbery "just occurred".
  25. present: Times from 11:37 p.m. Nov. 1 to 12:11 a.m. Nov. 2 are given.
• Impactabsent9/25

  Final assessment

  Absent, 9 of 25. Calling the pair "armed with handguns" describes the hazard but no sentence states potential harm, and the close says "no ongoing threat to campus". Nine reads treated the handguns as implied lethal risk.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Beyond naming armed subjects, no consequence or severity statement is offered to recipients.
  2. present: Saying both subjects "are armed with handguns and are on foot" conveys lethal danger to anyone nearby.
  3. absent: Beyond naming armed subjects, no consequence or severity of harm is stated.
  4. absent: No injury or explicit danger statement appears, and the final entry reports no ongoing threat.
  5. present: Saying both subjects are "armed with handguns" and on foot conveys a live danger to people nearby.
  6. absent: Beyond describing the suspects as armed, no consequence or severity for the public is stated.
  7. absent: Despite the armed subjects, no consequence, injury or danger level is actually stated.
  8. absent: Beyond naming armed suspects, no injury, severity or potential consequence is stated.
  9. absent: Beyond naming armed suspects, no consequence or explicit danger to anyone is stated.
  10. present: Reporting two armed suspects on foot in a named area strongly implies a lethal risk to bystanders.
  11. absent: Beyond noting the suspects are armed, no consequence or severity statement is given.
  12. absent: Beyond noting the suspects are armed, no consequence or severity of harm is stated.
  13. present: Saying both subjects are "armed with handguns" and still at large conveys lethal danger.
  14. absent: Beyond naming armed suspects, it states no consequence, and closes with "no ongoing threat to campus".
  15. present: Saying the fleeing subjects are "armed with handguns" strongly implies potentially lethal danger to anyone nearby.
  16. absent: Being armed is hazard detail, and no injury or danger to the community is stated.
  17. absent: Although suspects are armed, no sentence states potential harm; the close says there is no ongoing threat.
  18. absent: Weapons are described but no consequence or severity of harm is stated for recipients.
  19. present: Saying both subjects are "armed with handguns and are on foot" conveys a strongly implied lethal risk.
  20. absent: Armed suspects are described but no consequence or danger statement is offered to readers.
  21. present: Saying both subjects are "armed with handguns" and on foot conveys a live lethal danger nearby.
  22. present: Saying both subjects "are armed with handguns and are on foot" conveys a live danger to anyone nearby.
  23. absent: No injury or stated danger appears, and the close says there is no ongoing threat.
  24. absent: Weapons are listed but no injury or stated danger to the public appears.
  25. present: Saying both subjects are "armed with handguns" on foot conveys a potentially lethal danger nearby.