Gunfire during homecoming celebrations kills one person and injures two others

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. The message names Campus Police as the authority that will give the all clear and supplies its number, 601.877.3000, identifying the institutional sender.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The message points to "Campus Police" as the authority issuing the all clear and taking calls.
  2. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority that will issue the all clear and take emergency calls.
  3. present: "Campus Police" is named as the issuing authority and contact for emergencies.
  4. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority issuing the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  5. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority issuing the all clear and taking calls.
  6. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  7. present: "Campus Police" is named twice as the responding authority and contact number holder.
  8. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  9. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority that will give the all clear and take emergency calls.
  10. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  11. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority that will issue the all clear and take emergency calls.
  12. present: "Campus Police" is named as the responding authority with a contact number.
  13. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  14. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  15. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  16. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority that will give the all clear and take emergency calls.
  17. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  18. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  19. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority giving the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  20. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority granting the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  21. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority granting the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  22. present: "Campus Police" is named as the issuing and all clear authority, identifying the source.
  23. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority that will issue the all clear and take emergency calls.
  24. present: "Campus Police" is named as the authority granting the all clear and taking emergency calls.
  25. present: "Campus Police" is named as the responding authority and the contact for emergencies.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. A shooting has been reported on campus states the hazard outright, leaving no ambiguity about the threat type.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It reports that "A shooting has been reported", a specific violent threat.
  2. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat rather than a vague incident.
  3. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  4. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  5. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  6. present: It reports "A shooting has been reported on campus", a specific violent threat.
  7. present: It reports that "A shooting has been reported", a specific violent threat.
  8. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  9. present: It reports that "A shooting has been reported", a specific named threat.
  10. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  11. present: It states plainly that "A shooting has been reported", a specific violent threat.
  12. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  13. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  14. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  15. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat rather than a vague incident.
  16. present: It states "A shooting has been reported", a specific violent threat.
  17. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  18. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  19. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  20. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  21. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  22. present: It states "A shooting has been reported", a specific violent threat.
  23. present: It reports that "A shooting has been reported on campus", a specific threat.
  24. present: "A shooting has been reported" names a specific violent threat.
  25. present: It reports that "A shooting has been reported", a specific named threat.
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. The scope is set by on campus, repeated in If you are on campus, confining the threat to university grounds.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The shooting is placed "on campus", which satisfies a where statement.
  2. present: It places the event "on campus" and addresses those who are on campus.
  3. present: The text places the threat "on campus" and addresses those "on campus".
  4. present: The text places the event "on campus" and speaks to those on campus.
  5. present: "on campus" gives the affected area.
  6. present: The threat is placed "on campus", which the rubric accepts as a location.
  7. present: The shooting is placed "on campus" and recipients are addressed as being there.
  8. present: It places the event "on campus" and refers to your "secure location".
  9. present: The text places the shooting "on campus" and addresses those who are on campus.
  10. present: The text places it "on campus" and tells those on campus to act.
  11. present: "on campus" locates the shooting for recipients.
  12. present: The text places it "on campus" and refers to being "on campus".
  13. present: The text places the event "on campus" and addresses those who are on campus.
  14. present: The text places the shooting "on campus" and addresses those currently there.
  15. present: The message twice says "on campus", locating the threat for recipients.
  16. present: The text locates the shooting "on campus" and addresses those "on campus".
  17. present: The text places it "on campus" and addresses those "on campus".
  18. present: The text places the threat "on campus" and tells people on campus to act.
  19. present: "on campus" locates the reported shooting.
  20. present: The message twice places the event "on campus".
  21. present: "on campus" locates the shooting.
  22. present: The phrase "on campus" places the threat, satisfying location.
  23. present: The text places the shooting "on campus" and refers to a secure location there.
  24. present: The text places it "on campus" and speaks to those "on campus".
  25. present: The text places the event "on campus" and refers to your "secure location" there.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. Seek shelter immediately and Do not leave your secure location until given an all clear are unmistakable protective instructions.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: It instructs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  2. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear is given.
  3. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  4. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective actions.
  5. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective instructions.
  6. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear is given.
  7. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  8. present: Recipients are told to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  9. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave their secure location.
  10. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective instructions.
  11. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective actions.
  12. present: Recipients are told to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  13. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective instructions.
  14. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  15. present: It directs people to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear is given.
  16. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not to leave their secure location.
  17. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective instructions.
  18. present: It instructs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave their secure location.
  19. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective actions.
  20. present: Recipients are told to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  21. present: "seek shelter immediately" and "Do not leave your secure location" are direct protective instructions.
  22. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and stay put until an all clear.
  23. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  24. present: It instructs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
  25. present: It directs readers to "seek shelter immediately" and not leave until an all clear.
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25. Timing rides on has been reported plus immediately and the promise that More information will be provided as it becomes available, marking an event in progress.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The word "immediately" signals urgency and immediacy of the required action.
  2. present: "immediately" supplies urgency, a recency cue the rubric treats as a time reference.
  3. present: "immediately" plus "until given an all clear" convey urgency and duration.
  4. present: "immediately" and the promise of more information as it becomes available convey urgency and recency.
  5. present: "immediately" plus "until given an all clear" convey urgency and duration.
  6. present: "immediately" plus "until given an all clear" signals urgency and recency.
  7. present: The word "immediately" plus "as it becomes available" conveys urgency and recency.
  8. present: "immediately" and "as it becomes available" convey urgency and recency.
  9. present: The word "immediately" plus "until given an all clear" conveys urgency and duration.
  10. present: "immediately" plus "until given an all clear" convey urgency and duration.
  11. present: "immediately" signals urgency and immediacy of the required action.
  12. present: "immediately" plus waiting "until given an all clear" conveys urgency and duration.
  13. present: The word "immediately" plus "until given an all clear" conveys urgency and duration.
  14. present: The word "immediately" conveys urgency and present tense action.
  15. present: "immediately" plus "until given an all clear" convey urgency and duration.
  16. present: The word "immediately" gives an urgency cue about when to act.
  17. present: "immediately" conveys urgency and "as it becomes available" signals an unfolding present.
  18. present: "immediately" plus "as it becomes available" convey urgency and an unfolding present.
  19. present: "immediately" and "until given an all clear" convey urgency and duration.
  20. present: "immediately" conveys urgency and recency for the ordered action.
  21. present: "immediately" conveys urgency and recency.
  22. present: "immediately" and "until given an all clear" both convey urgency and timing.
  23. present: "immediately" and "as it becomes available" convey urgency and recency.
  24. present: "immediately" conveys urgency and "as it becomes available" signals an unfolding present.
  25. present: "immediately" plus "as it becomes available" convey urgency and an unfolding present.
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Absent by 0 of 25. No injuries, casualties or damage are described; the message reports only that a shooting occurred and what recipients should do.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No consequence or severity is described beyond the bare fact of a shooting.
  2. absent: No sentence states how dangerous the shooting is or what harm it could cause.
  3. absent: No consequence or severity statement accompanies the report of a shooting.
  4. absent: No sentence describes injury, danger level or consequences of the shooting.
  5. absent: No statement of possible harm or severity beyond naming the shooting.
  6. absent: Nothing states what the shooting could do to people or how dangerous the situation is.
  7. absent: No sentence describes the danger or possible harm beyond naming the shooting.
  8. absent: No sentence describes the harm a shooting could cause or rates the danger.
  9. absent: No statement of consequence or severity beyond naming the shooting itself.
  10. absent: The message never says what the shooting could do or how dangerous the situation is.
  11. absent: No sentence describes injury, danger or severity beyond naming the shooting itself.
  12. absent: No statement of possible harm or severity beyond naming the shooting itself.
  13. absent: Nothing states what the shooting could do to people, only that it was reported.
  14. absent: No statement of possible harm or severity appears beyond naming the shooting.
  15. absent: No consequence or severity statement appears beyond the bare fact of a shooting.
  16. absent: No sentence says how dangerous the shooting is or what harm it might cause.
  17. absent: Nothing states how dangerous the shooting is or what harm it could cause.
  18. absent: No statement of possible harm or severity beyond naming the shooting itself.
  19. absent: No statement of how dangerous or what harm could result beyond naming the shooting.
  20. absent: Nothing describes possible harm, casualties, or how dangerous the shooting is.
  21. absent: No statement of possible harm or severity beyond naming the shooting itself.
  22. absent: No harm or severity is described beyond the bare report of a shooting.
  23. absent: No statement of possible harm or severity beyond naming the shooting itself.
  24. absent: No consequence or severity is stated beyond the bare fact of a reported shooting.
  25. absent: No sentence describes injury, danger level or any consequence of the shooting.