Power outage after overnight weather forces campus close

To check this alert, Claude Opus 5 (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourcepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. The university speaks in its own name, reporting that "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community are experiencing a power outage".

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The university identifies itself while reporting on its own campus conditions.
  2. present: The university names itself as reporting the outage and closure.
  3. present: The university names itself while reporting its own outage and closure.
  4. present: The university names itself as reporting the outage and the closure.
  5. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University ... are experiencing a power outage".
  6. present: The university names itself as reporting the outage and closure.
  7. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University", as reporting the outage and closure.
  8. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University ... are experiencing a power outage".
  9. present: "West Virginia State University" identifies itself as the reporting institution.
  10. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University", as the announcing body.
  11. present: The university names itself as reporting the outage and closing campus.
  12. present: The university names itself while describing its own campus closure.
  13. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University", as the announcing authority.
  14. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University ... are experiencing a power outage".
  15. present: The university names itself while reporting conditions on its own campus.
  16. present: "West Virginia State University" is named as the entity reporting and closing.
  17. present: "West Virginia State University" identifies the sender announcing the outage and closure.
  18. present: The university names itself while reporting the outage and the closure.
  19. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community".
  20. present: The university names itself as reporting the outage and the closure.
  21. present: The university names itself as reporting the outage and declaring campus closed.
  22. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University", as the source of the closure.
  23. present: The university names itself while reporting the campus power outage.
  24. present: The university names itself, "West Virginia State University", as the announcing body.
  25. present: The university names itself while reporting the campus condition.
• Hazardpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25: two concrete conditions are named, "last night’s inclement weather" and the resulting "power outage", rather than an unspecified disruption.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Two concrete conditions are named, "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  2. present: Two specifics given: "inclement weather" and "a power outage".
  3. present: Two specifics are named, "last night's inclement weather" and "a power outage".
  4. present: Names two specifics: "last night's inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  5. present: Two named conditions, "inclement weather" and "a power outage", are specific.
  6. present: Two specifics appear: "inclement weather" and an ongoing "power outage".
  7. present: Two specifics are named: "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  8. present: Two specific conditions are named: "last night's inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  9. present: It names both "inclement weather" and a resulting "power outage".
  10. present: Two specific conditions are named: "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  11. present: Two specifics appear: "last night's inclement weather" and a resulting "power outage".
  12. present: Two specific conditions are named: "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  13. present: Two concrete conditions are named: "inclement weather" and "a power outage".
  14. present: It names two specifics: "last night's inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  15. present: Two specific conditions are named: "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  16. present: It names both "inclement weather" and a resulting "power outage".
  17. present: Two specific conditions are named: "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  18. present: Two specifics are named, "last night's inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  19. present: Two specific conditions are named: "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  20. present: Names both "inclement weather" and the resulting "power outage".
  21. present: Two specific conditions are named: "inclement weather" and a resulting "power outage".
  22. present: It names two concrete conditions: "inclement weather" and "a power outage".
  23. present: Two specifics are named: "inclement weather" and a community-wide "power outage".
  24. present: Two specifics are given: "inclement weather" and a "power outage".
  25. present: Two specific problems are named: "last night's inclement weather" and a "power outage".
• Locationpresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, unanimous at 25 of 25. The outage is scoped to the university "and the surrounding community", and "Campus is closed today" fixes the affected place.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: The outage covers the university "and the surrounding community", with campus closed.
  2. present: Covers the university "and the surrounding community", plus "Campus".
  3. present: Affected area is "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community".
  4. present: Covers the university "and the surrounding community", plus "Campus".
  5. present: Locates it at the university "and the surrounding community", with campus closed.
  6. present: It covers the university "and the surrounding community", plus campus.
  7. present: It covers the university "and the surrounding community", plus "Campus is closed".
  8. present: It covers the university "and the surrounding community", with "Campus is closed today".
  9. present: The affected area is the university "and the surrounding community", plus campus.
  10. present: Location is the campus "and the surrounding community".
  11. present: Location is the university "and the surrounding community", plus closed campus.
  12. present: It covers the university "and the surrounding community", plus "Campus is closed".
  13. present: The outage covers "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community".
  14. present: It covers the campus "and the surrounding community".
  15. present: It covers the campus "and the surrounding community" as affected areas.
  16. present: The outage covers "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community".
  17. present: It covers "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community".
  18. present: It covers "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community" and "Campus".
  19. present: Location covers the campus plus "the surrounding community".
  20. present: Covers the university "and the surrounding community", plus "Campus is closed".
  21. present: It covers the university "and the surrounding community", and states "Campus is closed today".
  22. present: The area is "West Virginia State University and the surrounding community".
  23. present: It covers the university "and the surrounding community", with "Campus is closed".
  24. present: It covers "the surrounding community" and states "Campus is closed today".
  25. present: It covers the university "and the surrounding community", and says campus is closed.
• Guidancepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present by 25 of 25 on one line: "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so", a direct instruction to recipients alongside the closure notice.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Staff are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  2. present: Tells employees who can work remotely that they "should do so".
  3. present: Employees are told, "who are able to work remotely should do so".
  4. present: Tells staff that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  5. present: Directs staff: "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so".
  6. present: Employees are instructed that those able to "work remotely should do so".
  7. present: Employees are instructed: those "able to work remotely should do so".
  8. present: Employees are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  9. present: Employees are told, "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so".
  10. present: Employees are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  11. present: "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so" is a direct instruction.
  12. present: Employees are told, "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so".
  13. present: Employees are told, "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so".
  14. present: Employees are told, "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so".
  15. present: Employees are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  16. present: "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so" is a directed instruction.
  17. present: It tells employees who can work remotely that they "should do so".
  18. present: Employees are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  19. present: Employees are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  20. present: Directs staff: "Employees who are able to work remotely should do so".
  21. present: Employees are told what to do: those "able to work remotely should do so".
  22. present: It tells employees who can work remotely that they "should do so".
  23. present: Employees are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  24. present: Employees are instructed that those "able to work remotely should do so".
  25. present: Employees are told what to do: those who can "work remotely should do so".
• Timepresent25/25

  Final assessment

  Present, 25 of 25. Three anchors carry it: "last night’s" weather, "Currently" for the restoration status, and "Campus is closed today".

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. present: Timing anchors include "last night", "Currently" and "Campus is closed today".
  2. present: Anchored by "last night's" weather and "Campus is closed today".
  3. present: "last night's", "Currently", and "Campus is closed today" all mark timing.
  4. present: Anchors it with "last night's" and "Campus is closed today".
  5. present: Anchored in time by "last night's" weather and "Campus is closed today".
  6. present: Recency markers include "last night's" and "Campus is closed today".
  7. present: It uses "last night", "Currently", and "today" as recency markers.
  8. present: It references "last night's" weather and says campus is closed "today".
  9. present: "last night's", "Currently" and "today" all anchor the message in time.
  10. present: "last night", "Currently" and "today" all anchor the message in time.
  11. present: "last night", "Currently", and "today" all mark the timing of the situation.
  12. present: "last night's", "Currently", and "today" all anchor the message in time.
  13. present: "last night's", "Currently" and "today" all place the event in time.
  14. present: "last night's" and "Campus is closed today" anchor the message in time.
  15. present: Recency is clear from "last night's" weather and "Campus is closed today".
  16. present: "last night's", "Currently" and "today" all anchor the message in time.
  17. present: "last night's", "Currently" and "today" all anchor the message in time.
  18. present: Recency is explicit with "last night's", "Currently" and "Campus is closed today".
  19. present: Recency markers include "last night's", "Currently", and "today".
  20. present: References "last night's" weather and says campus is closed "today".
  21. present: It references "last night's" weather and says the closure applies "today".
  22. present: "last night's", "Currently", and "today" all anchor the message in time.
  23. present: Time markers include "last night's" weather and "Campus is closed today".
  24. present: "last night's" and "today" plus "Currently" anchor the message in time.
  25. present: "last night", "Currently" and "today" all anchor the message in time.
• Impactabsent9/25

  Final assessment

  Absent on a split read, 9 of 25 calling it present. The minority counted the closure and "no information regarding restoration of service" as consequence, but no harm or danger from the outage is stated.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Loss of power is reported without any account of danger or damage it might cause.
  2. absent: Only says no restoration information exists, without stating danger or harm.
  3. present: Consequence is stated: no power and "no information regarding restoration of service".
  4. present: States consequences: no power, no restoration estimate, and campus shut down.
  5. absent: Says restoration is unknown but never states harm or danger to anyone.
  6. absent: No harm or danger consequence is described, only loss of service.
  7. absent: Loss of power is stated but no harm or danger to people or property is conveyed.
  8. absent: Loss of power is reported without any statement of danger or potential harm.
  9. present: It conveys consequence: campus closed and "no information regarding restoration of service".
  10. absent: Loss of power is reported but no danger or severity to people is conveyed.
  11. absent: Loss of power is stated, but no harm or danger to people is conveyed.
  12. present: It states consequences: no power, no restoration estimate, and a closed campus.
  13. present: It notes the consequence that there is "no information regarding restoration of service" and campus is closed.
  14. absent: Loss of power is reported without any statement of danger or damage.
  15. absent: Loss of power is reported but no danger, injury risk, or severity is stated.
  16. present: It states the consequence that campus is closed and there is "no information regarding restoration of service".
  17. present: It states a consequence: "there is no information regarding restoration of service", an ongoing loss of power.
  18. absent: It notes no restoration information but never states the outage's consequences or danger.
  19. absent: Loss of power is reported without any statement of danger or damage.
  20. absent: It notes no restoration information but never states any danger or harm.
  21. present: The stated consequence is loss of power with "no information regarding restoration of service".
  22. present: It states a consequence: no power and "no information regarding restoration of service".
  23. absent: Beyond loss of power and closure, no danger or severity is stated.
  24. absent: It notes no restoration information but never states harm or danger from the outage.
  25. absent: Loss of power is stated but no danger or damage to people is described.